+/*
+ * am7xxx-play - play stuff on an am7xxx device (e.g. Acer C110, PicoPix 1020)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 Antonio Ospite <ospite@studenti.unina.it>
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+#include <libavdevice/avdevice.h>
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
+
+#include <am7xxx.h>
+
+static unsigned int run = 1;
+
+struct video_input_ctx {
+ AVFormatContext *format_ctx;
+ AVCodecContext *codec_ctx;
+ int video_stream_index;
+};
+
+static int video_input_init(struct video_input_ctx *input_ctx,
+ const char *input_format_string,
+ const char *input_path,
+ AVDictionary **input_options)
+{
+ AVInputFormat *input_format = NULL;
+ AVFormatContext *input_format_ctx;
+ AVCodecContext *input_codec_ctx;
+ AVCodec *input_codec;
+ int video_index;
+ unsigned int i;
+ int ret;
+
+ avdevice_register_all();
+ avcodec_register_all();
+ av_register_all();
+
+ if (input_format_string) {
+ /* find the desired input format */
+ input_format = av_find_input_format(input_format_string);
+ if (input_format == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot find input format\n");
+ ret = -ENODEV;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (input_path == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "input_path must not be NULL!\n");
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* open the input format/device */
+ input_format_ctx = NULL;
+ ret = avformat_open_input(&input_format_ctx,
+ input_path,
+ input_format,
+ input_options);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot open input format/device\n");
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* get information on the input stream (e.g. format, bitrate, framerate) */
+ ret = avformat_find_stream_info(input_format_ctx, NULL);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot get information on the stream");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* dump what was found */
+ av_dump_format(input_format_ctx, 0, input_path, 0);
+
+ /* look for the first video_stream */
+ video_index = -1;
+ for (i = 0; i < input_format_ctx->nb_streams; i++)
+ if (input_format_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
+ video_index = i;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (video_index == -1) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot find any video streams\n");
+ ret = -ENOTSUP;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream */
+ input_codec_ctx = input_format_ctx->streams[video_index]->codec;
+ if (input_codec_ctx == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "input codec context is not valid\n");
+ ret = -ENOTSUP;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* find the decoder for the video stream */
+ input_codec = avcodec_find_decoder(input_codec_ctx->codec_id);
+ if (input_codec == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "input_codec is NULL!");
+ ret = -ENOTSUP;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* open the decoder */
+ ret = avcodec_open2(input_codec_ctx, input_codec, NULL);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot open input codec\n");
+ ret = -ENOTSUP;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ input_ctx->format_ctx = input_format_ctx;
+ input_ctx->codec_ctx = input_codec_ctx;
+ input_ctx->video_stream_index = video_index;
+
+ ret = 0;
+ goto out;
+
+cleanup:
+ avformat_close_input(&input_format_ctx);
+out:
+ av_dict_free(input_options);
+ *input_options = NULL;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+struct video_output_ctx {
+ AVCodecContext *codec_ctx;
+ int raw_output;
+};
+
+static int video_output_init(struct video_output_ctx *output_ctx,
+ struct video_input_ctx *input_ctx,
+ unsigned int upscale,
+ unsigned int quality,
+ am7xxx_image_format image_format,
+ am7xxx_device *dev)
+{
+ AVCodecContext *output_codec_ctx;
+ AVCodec *output_codec;
+ unsigned int new_output_width;
+ unsigned int new_output_height;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (input_ctx == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "input_ctx must not be NULL!");
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* create the encoder context */
+ output_codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(NULL);
+ if (output_codec_ctx == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate output codec context!");
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* Calculate the new output dimension so the original picture is shown
+ * in its entirety */
+ ret = am7xxx_calc_scaled_image_dimensions(dev,
+ upscale,
+ (input_ctx->codec_ctx)->width,
+ (input_ctx->codec_ctx)->height,
+ &new_output_width,
+ &new_output_height);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot calculate output dimension\n");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* put sample parameters */
+ output_codec_ctx->bit_rate = (input_ctx->codec_ctx)->bit_rate;
+ output_codec_ctx->width = new_output_width;
+ output_codec_ctx->height = new_output_height;
+ output_codec_ctx->time_base.num = (input_ctx->codec_ctx)->time_base.num;
+ output_codec_ctx->time_base.den = (input_ctx->codec_ctx)->time_base.den;
+
+ /* When the raw format is requested we don't actually need to setup
+ * and open a decoder
+ */
+ if (image_format == AM7XXX_IMAGE_FORMAT_NV12) {
+ fprintf(stdout, "using raw output format\n");
+ output_codec_ctx->pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_NV12;
+ output_ctx->codec_ctx = output_codec_ctx;
+ output_ctx->raw_output = 1;
+ ret = 0;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ output_codec_ctx->pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P;
+ output_codec_ctx->codec_id = CODEC_ID_MJPEG;
+ output_codec_ctx->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
+
+ /* Set quality and other VBR settings */
+
+ /* @note: 'quality' is expected to be between 1 and 100, but a value
+ * between 0 to 99 has to be passed when calculating qmin and qmax.
+ * This way qmin and qmax will cover the range 1-FF_QUALITY_SCALE, and
+ * in particular they won't be 0, this is needed because they are used
+ * as divisor somewhere in the encoding process */
+ output_codec_ctx->qmin = output_codec_ctx->qmax = ((100 - (quality - 1)) * FF_QUALITY_SCALE) / 100;
+ output_codec_ctx->mb_lmin = output_codec_ctx->lmin = output_codec_ctx->qmin * FF_QP2LAMBDA;
+ output_codec_ctx->mb_lmax = output_codec_ctx->lmax = output_codec_ctx->qmax * FF_QP2LAMBDA;
+ output_codec_ctx->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_QSCALE;
+ output_codec_ctx->global_quality = output_codec_ctx->qmin * FF_QP2LAMBDA;
+
+ /* find the encoder */
+ output_codec = avcodec_find_encoder(output_codec_ctx->codec_id);
+ if (output_codec == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot find output codec!\n");
+ ret = -ENOTSUP;
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ /* open the codec */
+ ret = avcodec_open2(output_codec_ctx, output_codec, NULL);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "could not open output codec!\n");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ output_ctx->codec_ctx = output_codec_ctx;
+ output_ctx->raw_output = 0;
+
+ ret = 0;
+ goto out;
+
+cleanup:
+ avcodec_close(output_codec_ctx);
+ av_free(output_codec_ctx);
+out:
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+static int am7xxx_play(const char *input_format_string,
+ AVDictionary **input_options,
+ const char *input_path,
+ unsigned int rescale_method,
+ unsigned int upscale,
+ unsigned int quality,
+ am7xxx_image_format image_format,
+ am7xxx_device *dev)
+{
+ struct video_input_ctx input_ctx;
+ struct video_output_ctx output_ctx;
+ AVFrame *picture_raw;
+ AVFrame *picture_scaled;
+ int out_buf_size;
+ uint8_t *out_buf;
+ int out_picture_size;
+ struct SwsContext *sw_scale_ctx;
+ AVPacket packet;
+ int got_picture;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ ret = video_input_init(&input_ctx, input_format_string, input_path, input_options);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot initialize input\n");
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ ret = video_output_init(&output_ctx, &input_ctx, upscale, quality, image_format, dev);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot initialize input\n");
+ goto cleanup_input;
+ }
+
+ /* allocate an input frame */
+ picture_raw = avcodec_alloc_frame();
+ if (picture_raw == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate the raw picture frame!");
+ goto cleanup_output;
+ }
+
+ /* allocate output frame */
+ picture_scaled = avcodec_alloc_frame();
+ if (picture_scaled == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate the scaled picture!\n");
+ goto cleanup_picture_raw;
+ }
+
+ /* calculate the bytes needed for the output image and create buffer for the output image */
+ out_buf_size = avpicture_get_size((output_ctx.codec_ctx)->pix_fmt,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->width,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->height);
+ out_buf = av_malloc(out_buf_size * sizeof(uint8_t));
+ if (out_buf == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate output data buffer!\n");
+ goto cleanup_picture_scaled;
+ }
+
+ /* assign appropriate parts of buffer to image planes in picture_scaled */
+ avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)picture_scaled,
+ out_buf,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->pix_fmt,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->width,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->height);
+
+ sw_scale_ctx = sws_getCachedContext(NULL,
+ (input_ctx.codec_ctx)->width,
+ (input_ctx.codec_ctx)->height,
+ (input_ctx.codec_ctx)->pix_fmt,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->width,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->height,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->pix_fmt,
+ rescale_method,
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
+ if (sw_scale_ctx == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot set up the rescaling context!\n");
+ goto cleanup_out_buf;
+ }
+
+ while (run) {
+ /* read packet */
+ ret = av_read_frame(input_ctx.format_ctx, &packet);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ if (ret == (int)AVERROR_EOF || input_ctx.format_ctx->pb->eof_reached)
+ ret = 0;
+ else
+ fprintf(stderr, "av_read_frame failed, EOF?\n");
+ run = 0;
+ goto end_while;
+ }
+
+ if (packet.stream_index != input_ctx.video_stream_index) {
+ /* that is more or less a "continue", but there is
+ * still the packet to free */
+ goto end_while;
+ }
+
+ /* decode */
+ got_picture = 0;
+ ret = avcodec_decode_video2(input_ctx.codec_ctx, picture_raw, &got_picture, &packet);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot decode video\n");
+ run = 0;
+ goto end_while;
+ }
+
+ /* if we get the complete frame */
+ if (got_picture) {
+ /* convert it to YUV */
+ sws_scale(sw_scale_ctx,
+ (const uint8_t * const*)picture_raw->data,
+ picture_raw->linesize,
+ 0,
+ (input_ctx.codec_ctx)->height,
+ picture_scaled->data,
+ picture_scaled->linesize);
+
+ if (output_ctx.raw_output) {
+ out_picture_size = out_buf_size;
+ } else {
+ picture_scaled->quality = (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->global_quality;
+ /* TODO: switch to avcodec_encode_video2() eventually */
+ out_picture_size = avcodec_encode_video(output_ctx.codec_ctx,
+ out_buf,
+ out_buf_size,
+ picture_scaled);
+ if (out_picture_size < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cannot encode video\n");
+ ret = out_picture_size;
+ run = 0;
+ goto end_while;
+ }
+ }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ char filename[NAME_MAX];
+ FILE *file;
+ if (!output_ctx.raw_output)
+ snprintf(filename, NAME_MAX, "out_q%03d.jpg", quality);
+ else
+ snprintf(filename, NAME_MAX, "out.raw");
+ file = fopen(filename, "wb");
+ fwrite(out_buf, 1, out_picture_size, file);
+ fclose(file);
+#endif
+
+ ret = am7xxx_send_image(dev,
+ image_format,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->width,
+ (output_ctx.codec_ctx)->height,
+ out_buf,
+ out_picture_size);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("am7xxx_send_image");
+ run = 0;
+ goto end_while;
+ }
+ }
+end_while:
+ av_free_packet(&packet);
+ }
+
+ sws_freeContext(sw_scale_ctx);
+cleanup_out_buf:
+ av_free(out_buf);
+cleanup_picture_scaled:
+ av_free(picture_scaled);
+cleanup_picture_raw:
+ av_free(picture_raw);
+
+cleanup_output:
+ /* av_free is needed as well,
+ * see http://libav.org/doxygen/master/avcodec_8h.html#a5d7440cd7ea195bd0b14f21a00ef36dd
+ */
+ avcodec_close(output_ctx.codec_ctx);
+ av_free(output_ctx.codec_ctx);
+
+cleanup_input:
+ avcodec_close(input_ctx.codec_ctx);
+ avformat_close_input(&(input_ctx.format_ctx));
+
+out:
+ return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_XCB
+#include <xcb/xcb.h>
+static int x_get_screen_dimensions(const char *displayname, int *width, int *height)
+{
+ int i, screen_number;
+ xcb_connection_t *connection;
+ const xcb_setup_t *setup;
+ xcb_screen_iterator_t iter;
+
+ connection = xcb_connect(displayname, &screen_number);
+ if (xcb_connection_has_error(connection)) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open a connection to %s\n", displayname);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ setup = xcb_get_setup(connection);
+ if (setup == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Cannot get setup for %s\n", displayname);
+ xcb_disconnect(connection);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ iter = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(setup);
+ for (i = 0; i < screen_number; ++i) {
+ xcb_screen_next(&iter);
+ }
+
+ xcb_screen_t *screen = iter.data;
+
+ *width = screen->width_in_pixels;
+ *height = screen->height_in_pixels;
+
+ xcb_disconnect(connection);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static char *get_x_screen_size(const char *input_path)
+{
+ int len;
+ int width;
+ int height;
+ char *screen_size;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = x_get_screen_dimensions(input_path, &width, &height);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Cannot get screen dimensions for %s\n", input_path);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ len = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%dx%d", width, height);
+
+ screen_size = malloc((len + 1) * sizeof(char));
+ if (screen_size == NULL) {
+ perror("malloc");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ len = snprintf(screen_size, len + 1, "%dx%d", width, height);
+ if (len < 0) {
+ free(screen_size);
+ screen_size = NULL;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ return screen_size;
+}
+#else
+static char *get_x_screen_size(const char *input_path)
+{
+ (void) input_path;
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s: fallback implementation\n", __func__);
+ return strdup("vga");
+}
+#endif
+
+static void unset_run(int signo)
+{
+ (void) signo;
+ run = 0;
+}
+
+static int set_signal_handler(void (*signal_handler)(int))
+{
+ struct sigaction new_action;
+ struct sigaction old_action;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ new_action.sa_handler = signal_handler;
+ sigemptyset(&new_action.sa_mask);
+ new_action.sa_flags = 0;
+
+ ret = sigaction(SIGINT, NULL, &old_action);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("sigaction on old_action");
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ if (old_action.sa_handler != SIG_IGN) {
+ ret = sigaction(SIGINT, &new_action, NULL);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("sigaction on new_action");
+ goto out;
+ }
+ }
+
+out:
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static void usage(char *name)
+{
+ printf("usage: %s [OPTIONS]\n\n", name);
+ printf("OPTIONS:\n");
+ printf("\t-f <input format>\tthe input device format\n");
+ printf("\t-i <input path>\t\tthe input path\n");
+ printf("\t-o <options>\t\ta comma separated list of input format options\n");
+ printf("\t\t\t\tEXAMPLE:\n");
+ printf("\t\t\t\t\t-o draw_mouse=1,framerate=100,video_size=800x480\n");
+ printf("\t-s <input path>\t\tthe rescaling method (see swscale.h)\n");
+ printf("\t-u \t\t\tupscale the image if smaller than the display dimensions\n");
+ printf("\t-F <format>\t\tthe image format to use (default is JPEG)\n");
+ printf("\t\t\t\tSUPPORTED FORMATS:\n");
+ printf("\t\t\t\t\t1 - JPEG\n");
+ printf("\t\t\t\t\t2 - NV12\n");
+ printf("\t-q \t\t\tquality of jpeg sent to the device, between 1 and 100\n");
+ printf("\t-h \t\t\tthis help message\n");
+ printf("\n\nEXAMPLES OF USE:\n");
+ printf("\t%s -f x11grab -i :0.0 -o video_size=800x480\n", name);
+ printf("\t%s -f fbdev -i /dev/fb0\n", name);
+ printf("\t%s -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 -o video_size=320x240,frame_rate=100 -u -q 90\n", name);
+ printf("\t%s -i http://download.blender.org/peach/bigbuckbunny_movies/BigBuckBunny_640x360.m4v\n", name);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ int ret;
+ int opt;
+ char *subopts;
+ char *subopts_saved;
+ char *subopt;
+ char *input_format_string = NULL;
+ AVDictionary *options = NULL;
+ char *input_path = NULL;
+ unsigned int rescale_method = SWS_BICUBIC;
+ unsigned int upscale = 0;
+ unsigned int quality = 95;
+ int format = AM7XXX_IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG;
+ am7xxx_context *ctx;
+ am7xxx_device *dev;
+
+ while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "f:i:o:s:uF:q:h")) != -1) {
+ switch (opt) {
+ case 'f':
+ input_format_string = strdup(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'i':
+ input_path = strdup(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'o':
+ /*
+ * parse suboptions, the expected format is something
+ * like:
+ * draw_mouse=1,framerate=100,video_size=800x480
+ */
+ subopts = subopts_saved = strdup(optarg);
+ while((subopt = strtok_r(subopts, ",", &subopts))) {
+ char *subopt_name = strtok_r(subopt, "=", &subopt);
+ char *subopt_value = strtok_r(NULL, "", &subopt);
+ if (subopt_value == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "invalid suboption: %s\n", subopt_name);
+ continue;
+ }
+ av_dict_set(&options, subopt_name, subopt_value, 0);
+ }
+ free(subopts_saved);
+ break;
+ case 's':
+ rescale_method = atoi(optarg);
+ switch(format) {
+ case SWS_FAST_BILINEAR:
+ case SWS_BILINEAR:
+ case SWS_BICUBIC:
+ case SWS_X:
+ case SWS_POINT:
+ case SWS_AREA:
+ case SWS_BICUBLIN:
+ case SWS_GAUSS:
+ case SWS_SINC:
+ case SWS_LANCZOS:
+ case SWS_SPLINE:
+ break;
+ default:
+ fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported rescale method\n");
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'u':
+ upscale = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'F':
+ format = atoi(optarg);
+ switch(format) {
+ case AM7XXX_IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG:
+ fprintf(stdout, "JPEG format\n");
+ break;
+ case AM7XXX_IMAGE_FORMAT_NV12:
+ fprintf(stdout, "NV12 format\n");
+ break;
+ default:
+ fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported format\n");
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'q':
+ quality = atoi(optarg);
+ if (quality < 1 || quality > 100) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Invalid quality value, must be between 1 and 100\n");
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'h':
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ ret = 0;
+ goto out;
+ break;
+ default: /* '?' */
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (input_path == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "The -i option must always be passed\n");
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * When the input format is 'x11grab' set some useful fallback options
+ * if not supplied by the user, in particular grab full screen
+ */
+ if (input_format_string && strcmp(input_format_string, "x11grab") == 0) {
+ char *video_size;
+
+ video_size = get_x_screen_size(input_path);
+
+ if (!av_dict_get(options, "video_size", NULL, 0))
+ av_dict_set(&options, "video_size", video_size, 0);
+
+ if (!av_dict_get(options, "framerate", NULL, 0))
+ av_dict_set(&options, "framerate", "60", 0);
+
+ if (!av_dict_get(options, "draw_mouse", NULL, 0))
+ av_dict_set(&options, "draw_mouse", "1", 0);
+
+ free(video_size);
+ }
+
+ ret = set_signal_handler(unset_run);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("sigaction");
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ ret = am7xxx_init(&ctx);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("am7xxx_init");
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ ret = am7xxx_open_device(ctx, &dev, 0);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("am7xxx_open_device");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ ret = am7xxx_set_power_mode(dev, AM7XXX_POWER_LOW);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ perror("am7xxx_set_power_mode");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ ret = am7xxx_play(input_format_string,
+ &options,
+ input_path,
+ rescale_method,
+ upscale,
+ quality,
+ format,
+ dev);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "am7xxx_play failed\n");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+cleanup:
+ am7xxx_shutdown(ctx);
+out:
+ av_dict_free(&options);
+ free(input_path);
+ free(input_format_string);
+ return ret;
+}